The Causes and Effects of Global Recession. - 3720 Words

INTRODUCTION Here a definition a recession as well a global recession is mentioned. Some causes and effects has been listed. Due to recession occurring, I have identified the effects of recession based on Tesco. The causes and effects of global recession. Global financial crisis, increasing for a while, began to show its results in the mid of 2007 into 2008. Worldwide stock markets have subsided, financial institutions have dropped and governments in even the richest nations have had to develop packages to assist their financial organizations. Recession is defined as a slowdown of activities in the economy over a time. The major effect of recession is Inflation as well as currency crisis. A decrease in income may be another†¦show more content†¦A decrease in world GDP occurred in many countries, specifically in developing countries. Imports have also declined significantly in importing countries. This was obvious in countries such as China, Taiwan, Mexico, Egypt and Russia. it was stated that GDP fell to 3.8% in the U.S. The impact of recession on employment may not be felt for some time. Investigation in Britain shows that low-skilled, low-educated workers and the immature are in a weak position to unemployment in a dow nturn. It took Britain five years for unemployment to go back to its initial levels. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered their target rates. They then raised the funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This added to an increase in number of years to the adjustable-rate mortgage rates and made it more expensive for homeowners. As a result, this may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble. Gross Domestic Product declined at an in the last two years in the United States. When GDP collapses, economic growth will also plunge. This is as a result of fewer goods being manufactured and therefore the rate of exports will reduce. It is said that when exports decrease, it will not have sufficient funds to accommodate any growth in the economy what so ever. As a result in the decline in GDP, employment rate will sooner or later begin to drop. As a result of the credit crunch, consumers have less purchasing power thereforeShow MoreRelatedEconomic Recession1290 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic Recession of 2007 William Mwangi Class title and section Professor’s name Due date of Assignment: 26th August 2011. William Mwangi Economic crisis Class Professor’s name 24th August, 2011. Economic Recession of 2007: What caused it and what were the after effects? Can we predict another major recession? Thesis Statement: Although the recession that dates back in 2007 is still long and deep and surely has shown some recovery, the potential that it will completelyRead MoreAnalysis of â€Å"the Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Effects, Policies and Prospects† Dominick Salvatore, Journal of Politics Society, Columbia University1110 Words   |  5 PagesFundamental of Economics Analysis of â€Å"The Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Effects, Policies and Prospects† Dominick Salvatore, Journal of Politics Society, Columbia University June 2010 Marija Nikolic December 2012 Global financial crises has brought into focus debate about decisions made by the countries which are leading economic forces, making them to reconsider past living standards and habits. With the aim to examine the causes, effects, policies and prospects for the financial crisisRead MoreThe World s Economy Was Devastated1732 Words   |  7 Pages Assignment 4 GEOG200 Bradley Bache 3129292 Submitted September 10, 2015 In 1929, the western world’s economy was devastated. With the crash of the United States Wall Street, the realm drove into what is now known as the â€Å"Great Recession†. Its neighbour to the north, Canada also felt these affects as unemployment and poverty grew. After a decade of despair, the massive rise in government spending for the Second World War and the reductions in taxes, the economies returned to prosperRead MoreThe Great Recession Of 2008 Was A Worldwide Economic Downturn1673 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Recession of 2008 was a worldwide economic downturn that impacted the global economy. Economists consider the economic decline as one of the most damaging recessions that occurred since the Great Depression of 1930’s. Several documentations and research regarding the recession have been made to make a better understanding of the economic downturn in 2008 as well as the global economy as a whole. The book used as reference in this essay, the Dia ry Of A Very Bad Year: Confessions of an AnonymousRead MoreUnderstanding the Economic Recession in America Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe economic recession of the late 2000s has been called the greatest economic downturn our country has faced since the Great Depression. American businesses and banks are failing, foreclosures are spreading like wildfire, and unemployment numbers have reached double digits. Under our current president, many are optimistic, but many others are fearful for the future. Economists have different speculations regarding the causes of the â€Å"Great Recession†. Some blame it on higher prices for necessitiesRead MoreFinancial Crisis Of A Single Country1671 Words   |  7 PagesContents Summary 2 Financial crisis 3 Impact of financial crisis 4 Effect of financial crisis on different on the economies of different countries 5 Mathematical problems 6 Conclusiom 8 References ..................................................................................................................................................9 Summary Financial crisis has long been a part of global economic recession throughout the history. Here, the purpose of this assignment is to identifyRead MoreThe Role of Banks in Economic Recessions1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of banks in economic recessions 05.05.2009 In today’s wavering global economic context, the word `crisis` is omnipresent, taking the media by assault and infringing into the population’s daily life, although many countries haven’t even officially entered recession yet. Although recession is generally referred to as a negative Gross Domestic Product growth for a period of at least two consecutive quarters, other important economicRead MoreThe Great Recession in the year 20081063 Words   |  5 PagesRecession 16Specifically, Freund (2009) defines global downturns as years when world real GDP growth is (1) below 2 percent, (2) more than 1.5 percentage points below the previous five-year average, and (3) at its minimum relative to the previous two years and the following two years. 1975, 1982, 1991, 2001, and 2008 Freund (2009) describes the evolution of world trade following four previous global downturns. She finds that the size of the decline in world trade during these episodes is Read MoreThe World Experienced A Tremendous Financial Crisis Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction In 2008, the world experienced a tremendous financial crisis which rooted from the U.S housing market; moreover, it is considered by many economists as one of the worst recession since the Great Depression in 1930s. After posing a huge effect on the U.S economy, the financial crisis expanded to Europe and the rest of the world. It brought governments down, ruined economies, crumble financial corporations and impoverish individual lives. For example, the financial crisis has resultedRead MoreImpact of Financial Crisis on Gulf Area Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesBackground The global financial crisis that was experienced in 2007/2008 affected many nations of the world. Some countries such as America and most European countries were hard hit since they were directly affected by the crisis. Other countries especially those in Asia and Africa were not adversely affected as they were not directly hit by the crisis. This crisis started in the United States after the housing bubble busted. Although the bursting of the housing bubble was the main cause of the crisis

Technological Advancements Switching to e-Books - 1182 Words

Teachers and principals think switching to e-books will be a major step in modernizing the citys schools (Lowinger 2). E-books are an online version of a normal standard textbook. Some schools are switching to e-books because the world is becoming more involved with technology. Technology is becoming more and more advanced these days. Adults think it is important to teach teenagers how to work with the new technology (Springen 2). Technology has come a long way since textbooks came out. Textbooks have developed throughout the years and now they are able to be on electronic devices. Reading e-books does not have to be at a computer. Almost all devices used for school can have online books downloaded on them. People can read e-books on†¦show more content†¦Teenagers who have to carry the average of 20 pounds between classes and throughout a campus or school can become tired and worn out. Teens want to have a break in between classes and not have to carry around 20 pounds worth of books. Students always complain about how heavy their textbooks are. With e-books teens only have to carry one simple device with multiple of their books stored on it (Piels 1). An online device can have many e-books stored, instead of carrying multiple books. E-books contain many more features than an ordinary textbook. Online textbooks contain the same content and layout as an ordinary textbook would contain (Piels 1). E-books are not any different from textbooks other than they are online and may have more features. E-books have different formats to read the print. Depending on the e-book a student has will decide the format of the print (â€Å"What†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). Some e-books contain more features than a standard textbook. Some features â€Å"can range from an integrated dictionary, online and media tie-ins that go over sections of the book, and a text-to-speech reader† (McNeil 1). E-books can make many things easier for students. Teachers’ lectures can sometimes to be hard to follow and take notes on at once. E-books have the feature of highlighting notes; therefore, it can be easier to listen to the teacher (McNeil 1). Sometimes when a student has to quote a long paragraph or sentence it can be timeShow MoreRelatedB ook Publishing in 2010 Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesSummary This paper is about Book publishing industry in the USA. Main analysis are done using Porter’s five forces analysis. First analysis is on industry before e-books while indentifying main levels of threats for industry from existing rivalry, new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and substitutions. Also, same research is being conducted for industry after e-books emerged. Next part is looking to the future of industry and identifying main opportunities andRead MoreBook Publishing in 2010 Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesSummary This paper is about Book publishing industry in the USA. Main analysis are done using Porter’s five forces analysis. First analysis is on industry before e-books while indentifying main levels of threats for industry from existing rivalry, new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and substitutions. Also, same research is being conducted for industry after ebooks emerged. Next part is looking to the future of industry and identifying main opportunities Read MoreHow Has the Use of E-Mail Changed Business Communications?867 Words   |  4 PagesHow Has The Use Of E-mail Changed Business Communications? One cannot underestimate the impact that e-mail has had on the workplace. E-mail could quite possibly be the most significant development of the recent technological advancements, as many business managers have recognized it as the single most important part of today’s information technology (Currid, 1993). It is more convenient that the old methods of face-to-face meetings, â€Å"snail mail†, and telephone calls. It allows moreRead MoreGlobalization in Saudi Arabia1460 Words   |  6 Pagesindustry. Due to advancement in technology, communication and transportation costs have lowered significantly leading to lower costs in information storage and retrieval as well as data processing. Developments in electronics cannot be ignored either especially in the computer and microchip revolutions. Today, a laptop worth $2000 is more powerful than a mainframe computer whose cost was $10 million about 30 years ago. Internet, electronic mail and world wide web are also some of technological developmentsRead MoreThe Media And Its Effects On The Arab Countries And The Results Thereof1517 Words   |  7 Pages The escalating popularity of the mobile impression devices such as net-books, e-readers and mobile gadgets, most publishers in the Arab economies are finding significant values in producing electronic newspapers along with their print versions with the aim of boosting subscriptions rates and readership sing ups. While the media sectors anticipate and enduring trend in declined advertising returns due to customers switching to online outlets, they have to invent alternative ways to keep profitingRead MoreE Books Case Analysis3247 Words   |  13 PagesE-Book’s Case Table of Content Introduction ..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Crafting a Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3 The Business Model †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 The Platform †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Key Success Factors (KSF) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Evaluating a Company’s External Environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 The Five Forces Model of Competition †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 The Industry †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreE Commerce And M Commerce1545 Words   |  7 PagesSOCIAL In the past few years, new channels to market have come into existence which including e-commerce and m-commerce and have gained popularity rapidly. This has opened up new gateways for the retail sector in the face of the home delivery, and has resulted in the reduction of customer’s footfall. Advances in products themselves have driven change, such as digital downloads of entertainment media from books to computer games. Retailers with numerous stores over the UK perceive that they no more fundamentallyRead MoreInformation Flow in Large Communication Nets by Leonard Kleinrock1967 Words   |  8 PagesTaylor to helped create the idea of the network that is known as ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) that some claimed to be for military purposes for the Unites State Government and the Pentagon. APRANET is the world’s first packet switching network and the core network of a set that later came to compose the global Internet, later connected on October 29, 1969. (â€Å"when did,† n.d.). furthermore, as explained by Boutell (n.d.) the internet initial creation was boosted by Larry G. RobertsRead MoreCase Study : Samsung Electronics Co1861 Words   |  8 PagesSamsung believe that crises are opportunities for innovation and that change is about action. It takes a different kind of strategy to navigate tough economic times and become one of the world s leading companies. (Farhoomand, A and Yiu, E, 2013). Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Samsung Group or the company) is a specialised group, with a wide range of operations in sectors such as financial services, chemicals, electronics and infrastructure. Samsung s headquarters is in Gyeonggi-do, SouthRead MoreData Analysis And Storage Of Information Technology1482 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome a vital component in business intelligence with most firms, organizations reporting increased mobile application installation. Resource outsourcing and subcontracting of expertise have marked the epitome of trends in information technology advancement. The current progress in information technology developed has increased tremendously over the last 30 yrs. The invention of computer technology has promoted the growth of information technology as this has been the perfect infrastructure for information

Healthcare Services

Questions: 1. How will the culture affect the support provided for the aging population? 2. How will the two countries play out differently in managing the aging population? Answers: Introduction Asia is struggling with the issue of aging population. Population ageing is the shift in the distribution of countries population towards older age. This phenomenon is prevalent worldwide, but it is growing faster in less-developed areas. It means that more elderly person will be increasing in lower developed countries. The main reason for this is a sustained baby boom, hasty reduction in fertility and decline in mortality rate. It will have a severe impact on the rate of future economic growth, operation, and integrity of health care and well-being of the aging population. The issue of population aging has decreased considerably in Europe, but it will have a great impact in Asia. The article will identify two countries in Asia and compare and contrast the challenge faced by two countries in managing the ageing population. The study will critically analyze and look into various aspects related to issues of aging population. Demographic changes in two countries of Asia Japan and China are the two countries identified in Asia facing issues of aging population. Japan has the highest proportion of aging citizens. About 22% of the Japnaese population is greater than the age of 60. Over the past several years, Japan's demographic has shifted a lot. The countries population began falling from 2004, and it is ageing faster than any other planet. It is estimated that by 2050 the countries population will decline from 128 million in 2007 to 95 million in 2050. It has occurred due to low fertility rates, high life expectancy and decline of populations since 2011. The driving force for the change is advancement in health care, migration, and change in birth patterns. Japan had a history of low childbearing rate (Hanley Yamamura, 2015). Since the 1950s, the birth rate in Japan has been below population replacement level. The birth rate has dropped almost every year. Analyzing this trend into the long-term projection, it is estimated that about 25% will never marry and about 38% will never have babies. In addition to the decline in birth rate, Japan's population is also living longer. It has life-expectancy, and it is one of the healthiest countries in the world. Life-expectancy is expected to increase from 86 to 90 years for women and 79 to 84 years in men by 2055. Earlier there were six workers for every retiree but now it by 2025 it will be two workers for every retiree. It will have the impact on tax revenue, welfare and medical health of the population (Shirakawa 2012). China is the country with the highest number of population in the world. Two major factors in determining population aging are declining fertility and increasing longevity. China has experienced the fastest decline in fertility reducing from 6 births per women in 1995 to 2 births in the 1990s. By the year 2050, half of the population will be over 45 years of age and quarter of the population will be older than 65 years old. During the 19560s it, life expectancy was 50-60 years which increased to 72 in 2005. The impact of 1970s fertility decline was seen in 2005 histogram (Knox Marston, 2014).The fertility rate was only 1.7 in 2005. In 1950 China had a pyramid shaped structure with base comprising of young people, 4% of the population was above 65. By 2005 the 65+ population increased to 8%, and it is projected to rise to about 16% by 2030. To decrease the population they have adopted several strategies. One important policy is one child policy. China's population is rapidly aging du e to lower mortality rate, low birth rate, and one child policy. It will create a financial problem in the future, and the population will not be competitive in the future. The countries shift toward ageing population will have the huge impact on the economy and investment opportunities of countries. The Chinese government will then have to alter its budgetary policies (Scharping, 2013). Policies in two countries The Japan Government has implemented various policies to check the issue of aging population. One was the angel plan of 19955-1999. It was executed by Ministry of Education, Health, Labour, and Construction. It proposed an improvement in child care centers and maternity medical care system. There was one New Angel Policy' in 2000-2004. It had a higher target than previous policies. Another gender equality policy was implemented in 2005-2009 called the New New Angel Plan.' Its focus was on the independence of youth, giving support to family and employment and support in child rearing. Other alternative policies were provided in the form of economic assistance. The Government gave expenditure for pregnancy, child care, housing, and education (Ezeh et al., 2012). Social Security benefits were provided in the form of pensions, medical care, and financial support. Workplace environment was adjusted by the increase in work flexibility, enforcing vacation time, changing gender equality poli cy in corporate culture and availability of child care services for part-time workers. Japan Government is developing policies to encourage fertility and engage more population particularly women and children in the workforce. They gave incentive for family formation by giving an opportunity for child care, new benefits for children and state sponsor service. There are policies for engaging more women in the workplace to include longer maternity leave and legal protection against pregnancy discrimination (Campbell, 2014). One of the famous policies of China to check population control was one-child policy. It was introduced in 1980 and phased out in 2015. A significant amount of population was subjected to the strict one-child restriction. This system was exempted only for ethnic minorities. Only those couples were allowed to have a second child whose first child was a girl. They imposed fines for violation of the policy. They organized awareness programs and did inspection work to check violation. About 400 million births were prevented by this policy (Feng et al., 2013). The draconian law left an emotional, social and psychological scar on the population of the country and its citizens. The disparity in gender ratio is increased. But after analyzing the growth in an aging population of China, the Communist Party of China changed the policy to two-child policy on 29 October 2015. The new law finally came into force on January 1, 2016, after it was passed by the Standing Committee of The National Peop les Congress on 27 December 2015. This decision of China to lift one-child policy will be helpful in diversifying country aging population issue and increase the male population. The relaxed control system will resolve labor deficit and age population issue to some extent. Low birth rate also occurred due to personal choices. The United Nation has predicted older population by 2100. The population of major countries will be above the age of 65 (Gong et al., 2012). The challenge for International Organization is to reorient policies to control ageing population in countries like Asia. The number of elder person in the less developed country is expected to rise to 690 million by 2030. As the elderly population will be at high risk of disease and disability, it will put immense pressure on the health-care system. Therefore, it will be a challenge for developing countries to reorient health sectors by managing diseases and health care needs of elderly. Therefore, two major steps by International Policymakers are shifting health sector priorities and investing in support for old age. Population aging will be accompanied by an epidemiological shift in infectious diseases. To prevent diseases, WHO has launched Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions. According to that framework, health care system should provide support to reduce the burden of disease. It advises prevention approach that can mitigate the problem and give better lifestyle to citizens.U nited Nations Population Fund (UNPA) also works to create awareness about population ageing and address the challenges for society. It supports data collection to provide foundation for creating policies and integrating ageing issues in national development programs. Its primary focus is on policy creation, data collection, research, and advocacy. It supports development of evidence-based strategies that look after issues related to population ageing (Moulaert Biggs, 2013). Culture Japan has a multi-layered culture which is developing and transforming with time. It has aa history of deep tradition practice, but its society is always changing with increasing population, change in lifestyle and technology developments. Japanese people appear to be socially homogenous people. The country lies on the eastern coast of the Asian continent. It consists of five islands namely Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa. The country is highly urbanized and has high population density. Two major religions are Shinto and Buddhism. Japanese follow Shinto and Buddhist rituals in their life. They have a very tolerant attitude towards religion. Kimono is the famous traditional dress worn by Japanese people. Its staple food includes rice, baked fish, vegetables, etc. They use a large amount of alcohol in their diet. It is a tolerant country for drunken people. They have their form of entertainment (Fujita et al., 2013). China is a country known for the high population in the world. It is a multi-racial country with 55 ethnic groups. The Chinese culture is influenced by its long history and diverse ethnic groups. These groups have different customs and tradition which varies from town to cities. Different religion is practiced here, but it is mainly dominated by a Confucian value system. Different religions are Buddhism, Islam, Taoism, Christianity and other religions. Confucianism is nothing but quasi-religion. This value is present in China since its foundation by Confucius 2000 years ago. Confucianism values lay stress on self-restraint, maintaining the proper relationship with other and social harmony. It respects hierarchy and emphasizes loyalty in family relations and friend. It encourages human to be the perfect gentleman. These values are embedded in Chinese culture and behavior. Some people give great importance to developing the personal relationship in business. Dining and drinking are the best ways for Chinese to build relationship and business connections (Atchley et al., 2014). The diversity of the population is a challenge for health care system, its providers and policy makers. They have a challenge in delivering culturally competent services. This objective is achieved when health care services meet the social, cultural and linguistic needs of patients. The culture of different countries and its citizens have an impact on health service outcomes. A culturally competent health care system leads to the elimination of racial and ethnic disparities. It can be achieved by giving medical staff training on cultural competence and how to address cross-cultural issues in patients. The policies created for this purpose further reduces cultural and linguistic barriers in treating patients. The racial and ethnic group has a higher rate of morbidity and mortality due to illness. Therefore, health services should give more priority to improving conditions of the ethnic population (Barrera et al., 2013). Therefore from the overall report on the issue of aging population, it is recommended that culturally sensitive policies should be implemented that reduces the impact of ageing population. The primary purpose of health care system should be the improvement in safety, effectiveness, efficiency, equity and patient-centered care. Equity in health delivery will ensure that each and every individual receive quality care. The quality of care should not discriminate by race, ethnicity and personal characteristics of the patient. Quality care will be delivered by ensuring the safety of patients and taking care to avoid injuries. Timeliness should be maintained by minimizing delay in the treatment procedure. Patient-centered care should be provided that looks after individual patient needs and preference for treatment. Health care organizations can arrange for programs that create understanding of cultural competence in health care staff. A cultural competence assessment should be prepared, a nd changes should be implemented based on that assessment (Purnell, 2014). Conclusion From the detailed report above, it can be summarized that it was valuable information on the issue of population ageing worldwide and in countries in Asia. It mainly addresses the problem of population ageing in Japan and China. It described the challenges faced by the world in an increase of aging population. Based on the two countries, it gave the report on demographic changes since the last fifty years and what steps Government has taken to curb population ageing. It discusses the policies made by the country for addressing the issue of an aging population. It explained how the culture of different countries could affect health care service and cope with an ageing population. It gave recommendations on how health care services can develop culturally competent strategies in health care and mitigate the problem face in the good outcome of health care. Reference Atchley, P., Shi, J., Yamamoto, T. (2014). Cultural foundations of safety culture: A comparison of traffic safety culture in China, Japan and the United States.Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour,26, 317-325. Barrera Jr, M., Castro, F. G., Strycker, L. A., Toobert, D. J. (2013). Cultural adaptations of behavioral health interventions: A progress report.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,81(2), 196. Campbell, J. C. (2014).How policies change: The Japanese government and the aging society. Princeton University Press. Ezeh, A. C., Bongaarts, J., Mberu, B. (2012). Global population trends and policy options.The Lancet,380(9837), 142-148. Feng, W., Cai, Y., Gu, B. (2013). Population, Policy, and Politics: How Will History Judge China's Oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Child Policy?.PoPulation and develoPment review,38(s1), 115-129. Fujita, S., Seto, K., Ito, S., Wu, Y., Huang, C. C., Hasegawa, T. (2013). The characteristics of patient safety culture in Japan, Taiwan and the United States.BMC health services research,13(1), 1. Gong, P., Liang, S., Carlton, E. J., Jiang, Q., Wu, J., Wang, L., Remais, J. V. (2012). Urbanisation and health in China.The Lancet,379(9818), 843-852. Hanley, S. B., Yamamura, K. (2015).Economic and demographic change in preindustrial Japan, 1600-1868. Princeton University Press. Knox, P. L., Marston, S. A. (2014).Human geography: Places and regions in global context. Pearson. Moulaert, T., Biggs, S. (2013). International and European policy on work and retirement: Reinventing critical perspectives on active ageing and mature subjectivity.Human Relations,66(1), 23-43. Purnell, L. D. (2014).Guide to culturally competent health care. FA Davis. Scharping, T. (2013).Birth Control in China 1949-2000: Population policy and demographic development. Routledge. Shirakawa, M. (2012). Demographic changes and macroeconomic performance: Japanese experiences.Opening Remark at.

Real Option free essay sample

Some questions may require you to use financial calculator or Excel. (In the final exam, for students without financial calculator, writing down the formula will be enough. However, those formulas must be correct to get full credit. Therefore, it is a good practice to check whether you are correct by using Excel for these practice questions) 1. How are real options different from financial options? 2. Consider the following project data: (1)A $500 feasibility study will be conducted at t = 0. (2)If the study indicates potential, the firm will spend $1,000 at t = 1 to build a prototype. The best estimate now is that there is an 80 percent chance that the study will indicate potential, and a 20 percent chance that it will not. (3)If reaction to the prototype is good, the firm will spend $10,000 to build a production plant at t = 2. The best estimate now is that there is a 60 percent chance that the reaction to the prototype will be good, and a 40 percent chance that it will be poor. We will write a custom essay sample on Real Option or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Based on this information what is the project’s net present value? Answer : -$1,104,607 4. If Diplomat goes ahead with this project today, the project will create additional opportunities five years from now (t = 5). The company can decide at t = 5 whether or not it wants to pursue these additional opportunities. Based on the best information that is available today, the company estimates that there is a 35 percent chance that its technology will be successful, in which case the future investment opportunities will have a net present value of $6 million at t = 5. There is a 65 percent chance that its technology will not succeed, in which case the future investment opportunities will have a net present value of -$6 million at t = 5. Diplomat. com does not have to decide today whether it wants to pursue these additional opportunities. Instead, it can wait until after it finds out if its technology is successful. However, Diplomat. com cannot pursue these additional opportunities in the future unless it makes the initial investment today. What is the estimated net present value of the project, after taking into account the future opportunities? Enter the following data inputs in the financial calculator: N = 5; I = 10; PMT = 0; FV = 2,100,000; and then solve for PV = $1,303,935. Step 3: Find the NPV of the entire project considering its future opportunities: -$1,104,607 + $1,303,935 = $199,328. (The following information applies to the next two problems. ) 5. Oklahoma Instruments (OI) is considering a project that has an up-front cost of $250,000. The project’s subsequent cash flows critically depend on whether its products become the industry standard. There is a 50 percent chance that the products will become the industry standard, in which case the project’s expected cash flows will be $110,000 at the end of each of the next five years. There is a 50 percent chance that the products will not become the industry standard, in which case the project’s expected cash flows will be $25,000 at the end of each of the next five years. Assume that the cost of capital is 12 percent. Based on this information, what is the project’s expected net present value? Answer : -$ 6,678 6. Now assume that one year from now OI will know if its products will have become the industry standard. Also assume that after receiving the cash flows at t = 1, the company has the option to abandon the project. If it abandons the project it will receive an additional $100,000 at t = 1, but will no longer receive any cash flows after t = 1. Assume that the abandonment option does not affect the cost of capital. What is the NPV of the project with this abandonment option? Answer : $4,066 or 4,067 The time line of cash flows are as follows. t=0 : -250,000 With probability 0. 5, t=1 to t=5 : 110,000 And with probability 0. 5, t=1 : 125,000

Coursework on Technology

Coursework on Technology Coursework on Countermeasures to mitigate exploitation of UNIX and Windows servers: Every organization utilizing the internet needs protection of its systems to ensure that the files of the organization are not destroyed by software, designed by hackers. The firm needs to have an elaborate security system to ensure that all its files are viewed by authorized personnel. The files need to be safely protected, and measures to back up the information valuable to the company, should be put in place. Loss of system files may make the system unstable, interfering with the normal working process of the business. A fortune 500 company undertakes many transactions on an annual basis, and deals with a lot of money. The company has many rivals in the market. Therefore, to protect the interests of the business, the company needs to buy a specialized security system to protect its files (Chirillo, 2002). As a security firm employed to handle the countermeasures needed to counter mitigate exploitation of UNIX and Windows servers, one of the counter measures would be application of patches and updates. This changes need to be evaluated and implemented in a timely manner with focus bearing on the effect of implementation against the effects of maintaining the current settings. Application of updates into the system mitigates both types of servers from malware, with the ability to propagate automatically. These security updates need to be applied regularly to protect the company’s information. The change selected by the security officer are tested for practicality, the changes to the servers should have defined effects on the company’s system files and incase of a problem the procedures to deal with it should be known. The update for these servers should be obtained from a secure resource. This ensures that the updates are trusted, and the company can implement the update on the servers, with ease. The source of this update may be the internal update servers that may be monitored to avoid external interference. Using internal servers to create updates for the company’s system ensures that foreign severs have limited access to the company’s files and vital information. Freeware and trials lack adequate security measures to prevent attack from foreign servers. To protect the company’s information, the company should formulate a rule to remove and avoid installation of these programs in computers in the network. This is because they offer avenues that an attacker may use to enter into the system. Depending on the servers used by the company, those programs that are not useful should be removed from the network. The company may opt for use of a strong firewall to reduce the traffic that lacks adequate authorization from reaching the servers. The firewall ensures that only those with the right security clearance have access to the information in the company’s database. Some servers are capable of transferring and storing user files and data, like windows. If the servers are used by the company, it is necessary that the users conduct detection software to detect the malware that may be in the servers. This malware shored be removed from the system to prevent it from corrupting the company’s file. Regular scans should be conducted on the system to ensure that there are no traces of unauthorized changes (Gregory, 2010). The organization should be advised to have a restoration file for all its data. A restoration file contains all the relevant information the administrator would want to restore into the system in the event of a failure that causes the system to fail. The security of the company is vital, and the system files need to be protected from unauthorized users. The secrets of the company may fall into the competitor’s hands, making the organization lose its competitive advantage. The company may also lose money through unauthorized accesses to the company’s resources. The work of the security officer is to ensure that the right measures are taken to ensure that the company’s information is safe from unauthorized users.

Definition and Examples of Aphaeresis in English

Definition and Examples of Aphaeresis in English Aphaeresis is a  rhetorical and phonological term for the omission of one or more sounds or syllables from the beginning of a word. Also spelled apheresis. Adjective: aphetic. Also called syllabic loss or initial vowel loss. Common examples of aphaeresis include round (from around), specially (from especially), and spy (from espy). Note that the deleted initial sound is usually a vowel. EtymologyFrom the Greek, taking away Examples and Observations Children learning to speak first tend to retain only the final syllable of words (-nette for marionnette, -range for orange), then two syllables (-anna for nanna, -octor for doctor). Loose pronunciation (xactly for exactly) has thus something childish about it. But in tention! (for Attention!) economy of effort and efficiency come into play.Like apocope, aphaeresis most commonly involves the slack use of an expression rather than a literary device.(Bernard Dupriez, A Dictionary of Literary Devices, trans. by Albert W. Halsall. Univ. of Toronto Press, 1991)New Words From OldAphaeresis has given us a number of new words, like drawing-room (from withdrawing-room), fend (from defend; whence fender), sport (from disport), and stain (from distain). A number are aphetic in the narrow sense: pert (from now obsolete apert, going back ultimately to Latin appertus open), peal (from appeal), mend (from amend), fray (from affray), the verb ply (from apply), the adjective live (from alive), spy (f rom espy), and tend (from both attend and intend). In the above cases, significant semantic development followed the aphaeresis, so that one does not normally connect in ones mind the shortened and the original longer forms.(The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, 1991) Aphaeresis in Contemporary SpeechContrary to the substitution and addition of syllables, syllabic loss, known as aphaeresis, is not at all uncommon. In particular, the constraints under which it operates are exactly the ones predicted by the speech error data. The omissions occur in word-initial positions and affect unstressed syllables containing reduced vowels. Quite often, the syllable only consists of a vowel. . . .Indeed, aphaeresis occurs on a wide scale in the spoken language of today (and yesterday). . . . Typical examples include about in How bout that? and unless in I aint going less you do. . . . Relaxed circumstances are all that is needed for aphaeresis to occur.(Thomas Berg, Linguistic Structure and Change: An Explanation From Language Processing. Oxford University Press, 1998)The Lighter Side of AphaeresisI cant kill the possum [for opossum], cause [for because] it might be innocent. I cant let the possum go, because it might be guilty. Cant make a good soup, cant do a handstand in a pool. Cant spell the word lieutenant. There are a lot of cants in my life right now.(Amy Poehler as Lesley Knope in The Possum. Parks and Recreation, 2010) Pronunciation: a-FER-eh-ses

Causes of Homophobia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Causes of Homophobia - Essay Example I hope this research will provide insights with regard to the underlying causes of homophobia. Why some people fear homosexuality and others not? The answer might seem straightforward at first and it is easy to put blame on the stereotypical gender roles produced by what Judith Butler called hegemonic heterosexual matrix. However, it is important to understand homophobic psyche without any bias so that underlying roots of their fears could be revealed. I think it is essential to grasp their views in order to assuage their homophobic fears, if such thing is possible. Why homosexuality arouses such a strong response and hatred in some people? What are they truly afraid of? This annotated bibliography aims to explore the explanatory frameworks for homophobic people’s reactions. It is very difficult to understand why some people hate gays to the extent that they wish them dead or even attempt to kill them. I would like to dig the deeper causes of their homophobic fears. Furthermor e, I also hope to find out if there is a gender differentiation with regard to homophobia and whether males are more prone to homophobia than females, and whether lesbianism is more acceptable than its male counterpart. This research also aims to examine the possible links between homosexuality and sexuality of homophobic people. I would like to know if their fears are related with their own sexuality and if it is linked with their own oedipal struggles. Adams, Henry A., Lester W. Wright and Bethany A. Lohr. â€Å"Is Homophobia Associated With Homosexual Arousal?† Journal of Abnormal Psychology 105, No. 3 (1996): 440-445. Henry Adams and his colleagues conduct a survey with the participation of a group of homophobic men and a group of non-homophobic men in order to investigate the role of homosexual arousal in homophobic people. They find a positive correlation and reveal that the group of homophobic men shows increased penile erection to male homosexual tapes. Their finding is consistent with the psychoanalytical theories which conceptualize homophobia as latent homosexuality. The article is very useful in a sense that it shows what homophobes are truly afraid of: their own homosexual tendencies. However, the research does not answer why they fear their own sexuality. Nevertheless, it is also not clear that why homophobes represses their homosexual tendencies while homosexuals don’t, it might be related with the gender matrix theory or with their deeper differences vis-a-vis the oedipal struggles. Bleich, David. â€Å"Homophobia and Sexism as Popular Values†. Feminist Teacher 4, no 2/3 (1989): 21-28 In his article, David Bleach argues that sexism is the oldest form of social domination and tries to prove Lerner's claim about the primordiality of sexism. He conducts a survey with the participation of 115 first -year students at Indiana University and examines their essays on homosexuality. He notes that almost %20 of the students (both men and women) gave utterly homophobic responses, including a passive participation in a gay-bashing incident, and they expressed their homophobic feelings under the cover of Christianity. Bleich also quotes the essays of his students who compared homosexuality with the apocalypse and approved that gays should be stoned or killed, or they just â€Å"don’t deserve to live†. Bleich also notes that there was one man in the class who is courageous enough to confess that every heterosexual young men in the class including

Complete a project based on your choice of an investment portfolio Essay

Complete a project based on your choice of an investment portfolio - Essay Example In addition to this, it helps to identify the risk associated with each of the financial assets. Risk involved in portfolio investment is directly linked with the value. The willingness of an individual make investment or avoid risk is the most important factor for portfolio investment (Reilly & Brown, 2011). The investment portfolio has to be made in such a manner that maximum return can be earned from financial assets. The investment portfolio has been based from Monday 2nd March 2015 to Monday 6th April 2015. The major aim of investment in financial assets is to earn return and maximise profitability. Moreover, portfolio investment is considered to be the safest mean of earning income. The total amount fixed for portfolio investment is  £100,000 (Reilly & Brown, 2011). The paper analyses current market trend and the risk involved with each of the financial assets that has the potential to prevent investments. Apart from risk other factors that have the potential to affect investment in financial assets include the amount invested and the expected length for which an individual holds different financial assets. The time horizon defines the time period between the investment in financial assets and receiving the return from it. The time length is considered to be the crucial factor in portfolio investment, because it directly affects the ability of investors to minimise the overall risk involved. The paper analyses the financial market according to the data of London stock exchange and identifies the assets from which the borrower can achieve maximum return with respect to the risk involved. Investment theory focuses on the process of decision making associated with selecting the appropriate financial assets for investment that in turn has the potential to maximise the overall return earned. Investment theory defines the relation between the risk involved in investment and overall return from the financial assets. Investment in financial

Pride and Prejudice Plot Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice Plot Essay Elizabeth Bennet receives two proposals; one from Mr Collins and one from Mr Darcy. Mr Collins was a tall and heavy looking man of twenty-five years. Although he was polite and well mannered he was also pompous and had a self-inflated ego. He always made never ending speeches about nothing and bored everyone to death. Mr Collins flattered everyone constantly but sometimes inappropriately. He begged to know which of his fair cousins the excellence of its cooking was owed. -By this, Mrs Bennet was offended and assured him they were in fact able to keep a good cook. This showed his lack of judgement in when to compliment. He was also quite absurd and Mr Bennets sarcasm often went completely unnoticed. For example, on page 54, Mr Bennet asked if his flatteries were prepared and Mr Collins admitted that sometimes he would think of them for his amusement! Lady Catherine de Bourgh who was his patroness employed him. He grovelled to her constantly as she paid his way; because of her, he was middle/upper class. He was a clergyman at Hunsford near Rosings, Lady Catherine de Bourghs home. When Mr Bennet dies, Mr Collins will inherit Longburn, as Mr Bennet cannot leave the house to his wife; women couldnt inherit. In Mr Collins letter, he proposes to make peace with the family. Mr Darcy on the other hand was very good looking. He soon drew the attention of the room by his fine tall person, handsome features, noble mien He is also described as a fine figure of a man. But he was soon to be discovered to be proud above his company. He was clever, but at the same time he was haughty, reserved and fastidious. He owned Pemberly Estate and got one thousand a year. -He was upper class and he knew it; He had seen a collection of people in whom there was little beauty and no fashion for none of whom he had felt the smallest interest. Darcy and Bingley had a good friendship despite many differences. Bingley was sure of being liked wherever he appeared; Darcy was continually giving offence. Darcy had no sense of humour and admitted it. He couldnt see the funny side of life whereas Bingley was light hearted and liked to enjoy everything he did. In the past Wickam and Darcy had a disagreement. Mr Darcys father had promised Wickam a place in the church but when he died Darcy refused to help him. Mr Collins first hints on his future plans in his letter to the Bennets when he writes; I cannot be otherwise than concerned at the means of injuring your amiable daughters, and beg leave to apologise for it, as well as to assure you of my readiness to make them every possible amends. On the first day of staying at Longburn, he, in a conversation to Mrs Bennet said; I can assure the young ladies that I come prepared to admire them. -Here he gave Mrs Bennet a small glimpse of his intentions. Jane Austin then gave it away saying that now having a good house and income; Mr Collins was in want of a wife. He was also pleasing Catherine de Bourgh who thought he should marry. So for the first evening Jane was the settled choice being not only the eldest, but the prettiest -this was, until he was informed by Mrs Bennet that she was soon to be engaged to Bingley (exaggeration). Then at the Netherfield Ball he asked Lizzy to dance several times and she realised she was the chosen one out of the five sisters. Mr Darcy on the other hand was far from admiring Lizzy at first and when Mr Bingley suggested he dance with her at the Meryton Ball he replied that he had not the least intention of dancing. -Bingley was dancing with the only good looking girl in the room. Here he was referring to Jane. He said Lizzy was tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me. Then at Sir William Lucass party, William tried to pair up the two of them and Darcy did not resist, but Lizzy brushed him off with; I have not the least intention of dancing. -this was pay back. It was at this party that Darcy realised his true feelings for her. At Netherfield when Jane went to stay, she fell ill and Lizzy being worried came to visit. Here, she noticed that Darcy was constantly watching her. Miss Bingley who secretly liked Darcy, in seeing that he was drawn to Lizzy tried to turn him against her. But all in vain, for whatever she said, he just stuck up for Elizabeth. Miss Bingley, in Mr Darcys defending her said; I am afraid Mr Darcy that this adventure has rather affected your admiration for her fine eyes. I think when she says this shes half-teasing and half jealous of him liking her. Before proposing, Mr Collins said to Mrs Bennet, May I hope madam, for your interest with your fair daughter Elizabeth, when I solicit for the honour of a private audience with her in the course of this morning? -Here, he was basically asking Mrs Bennets permission to propose. He then launched straight into his speech. Mr Darcy came to visit Lizzy and at first made light conversation, asking about her health. Then there was an awkward silence where he must have been trying to think of how to start before proceeding. -Differences are already showing through. Mr Collins first said hed chosen Lizzy almost as soon as hed met her (which was a lie) and went on to specify his reasons for marrying her. He, as a clergyman wanted to set an example to the rest of the parish, he thought it would make his happy and he was following Lady Catherine de Bourghs advice. Hed obviously planed out his speech carefully but in his reasons, he had not mentioned that he was in love with her! Darcy on the other hand offered his hand in marriage because he did love her and his opening sentence expressed this clearly; In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how I admire and love you. Mr Collins also made several insults to Lizzy when proposing to her without even realising it! For instance, he said that if she refuses, she my never get another offer. He also reminds her that if she stays single, all she may ever be entitled to is twenty-five pounds when her mother dies. Darcy put his foot in it too. After saying how much he loved her, he went on to say that it was not his wish to do so with her connections and status; His sense of inferiority -of the family obstacles which judgement had always opposed to inclination. When he was turned down he thought she was just offended; Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? -To congratulate myself on the hope of relations, your connections? He also admitted to trying to split up Jane and Darcy and even rejoiced in his success of doing so. In response to rejection, Mr Collins thinks Lizzy is playing hard to get and says this is to be expected of a lady. He goes on to say all the good materialistic reasons to marry him forgetting to mention things like love. He acts as if marrying would be a good investment for Lizzy or something. He then assured her that both of her parents approved of the marriage. Mr Darcy in response to rejection is shocked and angry but manages to control himself. He asked why he had been refused and thought she must be offended by what he had said earlier; Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? But after saying these words he accepted her answer. Both proposals were made for very different reasons; Mr Collins obviously proposed for convenience, whereas Mr Darcy was in love. Both men also reacted in different ways when turned down; although Mr Collins couldnt take the rejection, he was not actually bothered about anything other than having his male pride hurt. -Darcy must have been extremely upset, to him Lizzy was the woman he wanted to spend the rest of his life with but he tried not to show his emotions. They both involved a lot of snobbery in their proposal speeches. They thought that Lizzy would not reject someone of the higher class and she should be grateful that she was chosen out of all the other girls; both reminded her constantly about her status. Mr Collins was more personal mentioning both what would happen when her mother and father died but Lizzy got more angry at Darcy because of things he has said and done in the past. Mr Collins and Mr Darcy both said in much detail all the pros and cons of the marriage. In conclusion, both proposals have some similarities but they differ in the essential requirement of love.

Life of John Dalton :: essays research papers

John Dalton John Dalton, born 6th September 1766, is known for developing the theory of the elements and compounds atomic mass and weights and his research in colour blindness. He was born in Eaglesfield, Cumberland (now know as Cumbria). In school he was so successful that at the age of 12 he became a Teacher. In 1785 he became one of the principles and in 1787 he made a journal that was later made into a book, describing his thoughts on mixtures of gases and how each gas acted independently and the mixtures pressure (which is the same as the gases volume if it had one). Therefore the law of partial pressures was made. It is said that in 1790, Dalton?s aims were to pick up in law or medicine, but he got no encouragement from his family. In 1793 he moved to Manchester where he was appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at a Dissenting New College. He stayed there until 1799 when he made his own academy. In 1794 he was elected a member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. There he read his papers and identified the phenomenon of colour blindness, which he and his brother shared. When showed a colour spectrum besides blue and purple Dalton was only able to recognise one other colour, yellow. Or as he says ?that part of the image which others call red appears to me little more than a shade or deflect of light. After that the orange, yellow and green seem one colour which descends pretty uniformly from an intense to a rare yellow, making what I should call different shades of yellow? In 1801 he argued that the atmosphere was filled with mechanical gases and that the chemical reactions between the nitrogen and oxygen played no part in the atmosphere?s construction. To prove this he conducted a lot of experiments on the solubility of gases in water. This showed that dissolved gases were mechanically mixed with the water and weren?t mixed naturally. But in 1803 it was found that this depended on the weight of the individual particles of the gas or atoms. By assuming the particles were the same size Dalton was able to develop the idea of atomic weights. In 1803 this theory was finalised and stated that (1) all matter is made up of the smallest possible particles termed atoms, (2) atoms of a given element have unique characteristics and weight, and (3) three types of atoms exist: simple (elements), compound (simple molecules), and complex (complex molecules).

Human Tendencies, Montessori

Throughout history, humans have relied on their ingenuity and adaptability for survival. Regardless of race, country, or culture, people follow similar patterns of exploration, inventiveness, and creativity. After years of careful observation, Maria Montessori was able to identify the importance of tendencies that compel human beings to construct and refine the world around them. The practical application of the Montessori Method is based on human tendencies to explore, move, share with a group, to be independent and make decisions, create order, develop self-control, abstract ideas from experience, use the creative imagination, work hard, repeat, concentrate, and perfect one’s efforts. Tendencies are important to every human being as it draws us to adapt and survive under different circumstances. Therefore, it is necessary to know the definition of tendencies and its general characteristics. Definition of tendencies What do we understand by the word ‘tendency’ is predisposition to think, act, behave, or proceed in a particular way, an inclining or contributing influence. In other words, tendencies draw human being to achieve something and develop. According to Montessori these tendencies are innate. They are the basis of our predispositions, or as named by Montessori in Formation of Man, our nebulae. Human Tendencies is a natural urge to do something and is developed throughout our development. It is beneficial to know and understand the basic human tendencies that we, as humans develop naturally. Every human being needs to find in the environment oxygen, food, water, love and protection in order to survive and then to develop, so we have to survive first and then to progress. These tendencies help us to become human. These are the ways in which we, humans are all similar. They unite us as a species and distinct humans from animals. ‘There are certain basic factors which do not change. What may change is what is given to the mind. ’ The Human Tendencies and Montessori Education – Mario M. Montessori, AMI, pg. 6 We can see that tendencies do not change and human tendencies are hereditary. Everyone has the same tendencies, but the way we use them is differently. The tendencies lead us and children learn independently from the environment and adapt to any society. General characteristics †¢Tendencies are universal and all human beings have them no matter where they are born in the world, irrespective of culture, nationality, race and religion. †¢They are present in all human beings right from birth and as such described as inborn or inert and they last throughout life. They are unchanging in the way they function and have remained the same for different generations, but only modified to suit the environment man finds himself in. †¢There are several tendencies and all working together and not in isolation, are interconnected. An important principle in The Absorbent Mind is that education starts from birth, so we must guard the child’s psychic power in the first few years. The importance of tendencies for human being These tendencies are important for humankind and they need to be express full to be suitable for us to live and develop. These tendencies are present at all ages of our lives but some are stronger than others during different developmental periods. The tendencies also vary in the way and strength in which they appear in different people but they all exist in some form in every person. And it is these tendencies which guide our development and this one of the reasons why are important for the humankind. Tendencies serve to help human beings survive and develop fully making something of them. Animals have instinct and are born complete with everything they need to survive in an environment. The human beings have tendencies which drive them to explore, develop and adapt in order to survive whatever the environment is. Human beings have both physical and psychological needs. The physical needs for food, shelter and clothing, and the psychological need for security, love, art, music and culture. It is the tendencies that drive the humankind to look for and create those things that meet his physical and psychological needs from within his environment. Montessori’s belief in the potential of every human being is grounded in the idea that the world can be changed for the better if education is adapted to he child’s true nature instead of being limited to the transmission of academic knowledge. However we also need to recognise that as members of the human species, children are born with certain genetic traits or potentialities, unique to human beings, Montessori called these traits, human tendencies. These tendencies relate directly to human needs: for example o ur need for food is linked with our tendency to explore. 1. Tendency for Exploration It is through movement that exploration began. People learn from the discoveries they make or that which others before them made. They look around and make connections with things in their environment also by smelling and hearing. The child will have the natural urge to explore their environment they are in and are constantly learning from what they see and hear around them. The child is learning how to use their basic senses as in see, taste, touch, hear and manipulate something or the other. In the first few months the child is learning how to move his arms and legs he is not very strong at this time his muscles are not developed yet and he just observes his surroundings. They imitate the actions of those around them. All the connexions from the brain at the birth, which has one hundred billion neurons, are not yet made; therefore they are waiting for being connected in the new environment. Even though we have an immense responsibility to provide the right environment because the child will trust the environment and he will trust him to do things by himself. The child is an explorer. He needs to explore the world on a level that he is capable of learning from. The function of the Assistant to Infancy is to put the child in touch with the many aspects of the world around him which will help him classify his impression, build new skills and knowledge. The world is an exciting place and the entire more so if the child is able to make his own discoveries about it. The Assistant will choose activities which may nurture his interest but be careful to help the child to point the discovery without actually making the discovery for him. That is all about the exploration. 2. Tendency for Order The human being must have order in his environment to be able to find his way back home after exploring his environment. The child requires from of order whenever he is exploring. This will help him in on many levels- if he wishes to carry out an activity successfully then order is required. Order and its extension into exactness and precision will help him to gain clear and accurate impressions so that he may understand his world better. External order can help create a logical and orderly mind. We can observe in the small babies their love for order in their surroundings. They cannot practically live in disorder, they are so aware of it, thing which is not happen with the grown-up children. They will expect to find objects where they first perceived them and will go great lengths to put them back if they are ‘out of place’. 3. Tendency for Orientation Through order we can build our orientation within our surroundings. The child needs some points of reference in the environment to orientate him and find things. And this means he can orient himself in his environment and to act with purpose. In his book, The Human Tendencies and Montessori Education Mario Montessori states: ‘If the security given by the sense of orientation is removed, it is not that one feels lost in a city, one feels lost in one’s mind. ’ pg 21, AMI pamphlet 1966 For a child, if something is usually placed in a certain spot, he wants to find it there. If the order is taken away, then he becomes disoriented, lost and unable to function properly. 4. Tendency for communication To communicate is the essence of our civilisation. This is what makes us different then other species. To have the ability to express oneself fully and accurately is a great gift. The more the child is helped in this area the more independent he can be. The child is able to interact, express thoughts and ideas with people in his environment through language. Prior to developing language, the baby only could communicate by crying which meant the adult had to guess his needs. With language, the child is better clearly able to express his needs and thoughts and become more independent and secure. 5. Tendency for self-esteem Feeling good about oneself is one of the generally accepted criteria for good mental health. One of things that help children feel good about themselves comes from the fact that they need a lot of support, love and attention from the adults around them. 6. Tendency for work (movement) Since the child is in process of developing, movement plays a vital part within his life. Even movement for a young child is work. The child creates the movement even before the moment of birth, he starts from his mother’s womb, because he has a strong tendency for the movement. And the tendency for movement keeps the child active. Some of it can be reflexive movement like grasping an object hanging and controlled movement – going here and there. Being on movement is co-ordinated i. e. where the body and mind working in harmony. At the moment of birth movement is amazing, the hands are very important. In the first few months babies start to develop head and trunk control. When lying on their tummy their hands are in position to help by pushing through the floor surface. The child then requires activities that are both purposeful and challenging, that will bring real work to his life. The child while engaged upon this type of activity will also be satisfying tendencies towards exactness, repetition, concentration, calculation and imitation while at the same time building a firm base for his creative imagination. 7. Tendency for group orientation The child knows that we are different from the animals or pets. He shows us that by crying at the beginning. He wants to belong to a group, especially with the closer ones- mother and family. The child makes sense of relationships and also learns the behaviour of that group i. e. the way they eat, speak, dress and the rules of how that place function i. e. gestures, words. And because he knows and he wants to become like adults around him is now coming the tendency for imitation. The basic skills of children are usually achieved through imitation, which is later modified by the child to suit his own personality and improved upon. For instance gregariousness leads to imitation. Even with adults, the need to conform to the way of life around us so that we are accepted leads to the imitation of the values of that society

Christopher Columbus; Hero or Villain Essay

In 1492, Christopher Columbus, discovered America. More than 500 years later Columbus Day is a national holiday. Statues are up, even in Pueblo, and thanks are given for what he has done for us. We learn about him in grade school and we are told of his brave adventures. However twenty years later in my first history class another picture is being painted of Columbus; not from my History book, but from my teacher. I thought it was interesting to be learning these conflicting views of him and researched the facts. Apparently a lot of people feel the same way†¦Christopher Columbus was a villain. Nearly 500 years ago Christopher Columbus carved a new path for Spaniards, which opened up a world of terror and death for the natives of this land, America. We now know that Christopher Columbus did not discover America this is indisputable. What is disputable is what he truly did when he came over to America. To get a better understanding of what was going on with Columbus in late 1400s I will give some back story. During those times, commercial ventures were being offered and Columbus had previous experience being on ships so he saw the opportunity to exploit his beliefs. Christopher believed that the world was round and if he sailed east he could make it to the Indies. What he did not know was how long it would take him to get there. He was alone with his first son, Diego, and set out to get funding for his voyages. He went to Queen Isabella and King Fernando and asked if they would fund him. They said they would need to look into it further. Priests and scholars studied and researched his idea for six years while Columbus and his son followed them to wherever they may travel. Columbus was finally told no his idea was foolish and the earth was too big to sail that way. He continued with his beliefs and tried to change their mind. He presented his idea two more times to no avail. As Carol Gallagher describes  in her Biography of Columbus â€Å"he became a joke at court†. (Gallagher) At last, after the third attempt and being rejected, Columbus rode away on his mule. Only to be caught up with by a messenger of Queen Isabella, he was told that they had changed their mind and would accept the proposal. They granted him three ships with 90 men. Finally Christopher could right his name and prove that he was not a joke. With years of being mocked, and laughed at Columbus had a lot to live up to. Christopher was now feeling righteous in his quest and asked that he be named ‘Admiral of the Ocean Sea’ and a tenth of all riches found to be his. The Queen and King agreed. The voyage had taken thirty-three days to reach land on America. Which Christopher believed it to be the Indies. Christopher writes in his journals his first impression of the natives; he writes that they are naked and young with shapely bodies. The Admiral said that they would be good servants and could learn their language quickly. Columbus named every piece of land they came upon and put up big flags. He claimed it all for Spain; never mind the thousands of people already living there, it was now Spain’s. They took six of the native’s captive to bring home to the Queen. Christopher had seen some men wearing gold rings on their legs and arms and took them to show him where the rest of the gold was. However the natives could not show them directly and Columbus believed they were lying. Columbus wrote to the King and Queen and told them â€Å"There are many spices and great mines of gold and of other metals.†(Gallagher), this was in fact a lie. Columbus did not find mines of gold, he did receive a gold belt and felt the Natives where lying to him about the rest of the gold. He decided to return home and get more supplies and men. When he returned to Spain the King and Queen where pleased and wanted more of the riches of the land. I think that the rest of Columbus endeavors to the New World are fueled by greed and an ignorant notion that God gave him this right. When he returned to America, which he thought was the Indies, he returned with 1,200 men and seventeen ships. Gallagher writes in her Biography â€Å"He was given authority to rule. The ships carried soldiers to conquer the Indians, priests to convert them to Christianity, farmers, guard dogs, and farm  animals†(Gallagher), he meaning Columbus. So he now intends to go back to America and take what he wants. However he could not find gold mines or riches. He built a fort in a mosquito infested area and hundreds of his men got sick and died from Malaria. The Natives met them with great resistance and also died by the hundreds from small pox and cruel captors. In 1502, which is ten years after Columbus’s first discovery of America, Spain adopted and made official a policy that Columbus had created, encomienda. What this system meant was an Indian village, all people of 14 years or older could be safe for a period of 3 months with a token. At the end of the 3 months they had to pay with enough gold to satisfy the tribute. If they did not pay them, the natives would get their hands cut off or worse be murdered. The Wikipedia describes this as follows; â€Å"Encomienda was a legal system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas to regulate Native American labor and autonomy†. (Wikipedia) The encomienda system was horrible. It was created by Columbus, in order to get gold. However the system was kept by other conquistadors all over America in the early 1500’s. This is a quote from Van Serima â€Å"They are not, as most of us would like to believe, voyages of discovery. But they are of great significance since they changed the character of the whole world, both the old world and the new.† (Serima 75) What Serima is saying is that Columbus did not discover a New World but a new way of getting what you want when you have more power. There is a big issue of race and differences being ignored by the conquistadors and Spain. So much life and tradition tossed away for selfish purpose, and was done in the name of God. The Encomienda system was not the worst of it; they sold girls as young as 9 to 10 for sex slaves. Here is a piece he wrote in his journal on the subject â€Å"A hundred castellanoes are as easily obtained for a woman as for a farm, and it is very general and there are plenty of dealers who go about looking for girls; those from nine to ten are now in demand†.(Kasum) Columbus had set out to discover the Indies, which was fueled by his love for Marco Polo and his stories of adventures. Instead he discovered an old world and made it his own while killing off everything in his wake. Whether or not Columbus was holding a smoking gun, he definitely had un-locked the gate for others to follow in his self fulfilling prophecy. Armitage, D states that â€Å"Columbus himself was not always asked to carry the  can for the ill-effects of the encounter between the Old World and the New, but there have always been those who have used reflections upon 1492 for their own ends.†(Armitage) this is true everyday in America, and even more so now. Even in our school system, if you are one sixteenth Native American you get some special grant. This is kind of Bizarre to me, Native Americans have not been enslaved for at least a century and have every right we do in America, if not more. This proves that when Columbus and the Conquistadors came things where so bad for the Natives they still need special treatment. Whether or not Columbus is to blame for the way things are for Natives today I do not know, however I do know that the way things where in the early 1500’s Columbus could be blamed for. It was a new world for Columbus and he treated his ‘discovery’ with such disdain, that other follo wers took his lead. Great leaders are people like Edwin Hubble or Martin Luther King. People who have ideas that make us a greater nation, not people who find a new land and kill everyone in it in order to impress the Queen and King. An article I read that was written by two non-ethusastic followers of Columbus believe that Columbus day should not be a day we celebrate at all â€Å"That infamous day should certainly not be celebrated by anyone, especially by local, state, and national governments. Let us not fall into the trap of letting the discussions around this travesty of a holiday revolve around the specific number of people killed.†(Tinker) When I reflect back on everything I have learned in history and even Christopher Columbus, it points to war or some major oppression for every turning point. In my opinion Christopher Columbus was a man of his times who often got things wrong; his morals went sour in the face of the King and the Queen but he led the way for his people into a new world. In his own mind he died a failure, and is later dying a failure in the hearts of America. Works Cited Armitage, D. â€Å"Christopher Columbus And The Uses Of History.† History Today 42.5 (1992): 50. Academic Search Premier. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. Gallagher, Carole. â€Å"Christopher Columbus And The Discovery Of The New World.† Christopher Columbus & The Discovery Of The New World (2000): 6-13. History Reference Center. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. Kasum Eric http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eric-kasum/columbus-day-a-bad-idea_b_742708.htm l October 10, 2010 Tinker, Tink, and Mark Freeland. â€Å"Thief, Slave Trader, Murderer: Christopher Columbus And Caribbean Population Decline.† Wicazo Sa Review 1 (2008): 25. JSTOR Arts & Sciences VII. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. Van Sertima, Ivan1. â€Å"Amendments To Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Act: Hearing Before The Subcommittee On Census And Population Of The Committee On Post Office And Civil Service, House Of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session On H.R. 2309,..† Journal Of Pan African Studies 5.8 (2012): 74-84. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 24 Sept. 2013. Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encomienda, 19 September 2013 at 21:23.

Chiang Kai-Shek Essays - Republic Of China, Chinese Christians

Chiang Kai-Shek Essays - Republic Of China, Chinese Christians Chiang Kai-Shek Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek, also known as Chiang Chung-cheng, was the son of a middle-class wine merchant who lived in the village of Chikow in Chekiang Province. When he was fourteen years old, following the Chinese custom of that time, he was arranged to be marry by his mother (the brides name is not mentioned). His bride and he did not see each other until his walk down the aisle. He did this without complaints only to please his mother. Once he was married he met his brides parents, as was tradition. Due to Chiangs bad temper, the meeting ended in arguments between Chiang and his brides father. Once home he tried to keep his mind off of the marriage and concentrated more on what kind of man he wanted to become. He dreamed of becoming a soldier. He saw adventure in a military career and felt comfortable with the demand for authority, order, and strength. Though his family objected and hoped for him to study law, he went off to Tokyo Military Staff College in 1907. There he became a follower of the revolutionary leader Dr. Sun Yat-sen. This encouraged him in 1911 to take part in the revolt that established the Chinese Republic. In 1917 when Sun established the Guangzhou government, Chiang was his military aide. Sun sent him to the USSR to study Russia military methods and was more than willing to go. He got a good response from the people there. Not only did they give him advice but they also sent thirty or so military men as help. One of these men, named Michael Borodin suggested that they start a military academy in China. They placed it in Whampoa and named it the Whampoa Military Academy. Their main goal was to demand and deserve respect. Once opened they received 1,500 applicants. It planned to register only 300. Sun began to encourage Chiangs participation in the Nationalist party. After Sun died in 1925, Chiang became a powerful figure in the it and in 1926 took command of the Nationalist army. This was called the Northern Expedition, entering into Shanghai, Hankou, and Nanjing. Chiang initiated the long civil war between the Nationalist government and the Communists.. This was ended in 1936 by General Chang Hsueh-liang who hoped to unite in defense of the approaching Japanese. Many felt that unity could not be achieved unless Chiang were removed as commander-in-chief even before the expedition was completed. To avoid such humiliation, he resigned from his position. He issued a public statement to the newspapers. It said, I am willing to sacrifice my position in order to assist the unification of the party and to make possible the accomplishment of the chief objective of Kuomintang. With Chiangs mind no longer focused on the political issues he could now focus on himself. He decided to ask a young woman named Mayling Soong to marry him. He was no longer married to his childhood wife and now wanted a companion. First he had to get the approval of Mother Soong. She disagreed with his age and religious beliefs but eventually, happily gave her approval for their marriage. On December 1, 1927, they were married in the Soongs Shanghai home. Chiang continued with his political mission with Mayling at his side. Her knowledge and beauty helped him through his journey. Soon after his marriage Chiang gained back command of the Kuomintang army and continued heading north. In 1928 his army reached Peking and being the chief of the Nationalist party, he became head of the Republic of China. After many years and many hard battles he finally made peace with Japan. In the process he was elected Chinas president in 1943 and reelected in 1948. When the Communists won control of China in 1949, Chiang escaped to Taiwan and set up a Nationalist China government there. Chiang was reelected in 1954, 1960, 1966, and 1972. He died on April 5, 1975 after being ill since 1972 and left his official duties to his son, Premier Chiang Ching-kuo. After reading this book I am more understand of the struggles that China has had to face. Before this I did not even know who Chiang Kai-shek was. Now I know

Love and Feelings - French Canadian Vocabulary

Love and Feelings - French Canadian Vocabulary Michel is French and Canadian. He lives in the gorgeous island of Belle-Isle in Brittany where he offers French immersion. He also taught at McGill in Montreal where he also spends a few months each year. Today, Michel is going to teach us typical Canadian French expressions to talk about love and feelings.   1 - Tomber en amour - to fall in love, Also Être en amour - to be in love. This structure is probably influenced by English syntax; in love. In France, wed say: tomber amoureux, à ªtre amoureux. A phrase which is very  «Ã‚  quà ©bà ©coise  Ã‚ »Ã‚  : Ils sont en amour par-dessus la tà ªte - theyre in love over their head. In France, one would rather say  : ils sont amoureux fous - they are crazy in love. 2 - Mon chum, ma blonde - Mon chum (my boy-friend) - Ma blonde (my girl-friend). This was once an expression used in France, such as a 18th century still famous song indicates it : Auprà ¨s de ma blonde, qu’il fait bon dormir Nowadays, a song by a very famous Quà ©bec singer, Diane Dufresne, would give you a good idea of the actual pronunciation of the word  «Ã‚  chum  Ã‚ » in quà ©bà ©cois:  «Ã‚  J’ai besoin j’ai besoin d’un chum J’ai besoin j’ai besoin d’un homme  Ã‚ » 3 - Cest un mà ©chant pà ©tard ! About some sexy girl (or some sexy boy), you will hear  : c’est un mà ©chant pà ©tard!  (he/she is a nasty firecracker!) 4 - Tes beau comme un ptit coeur! To your lover, you can say : â€Å"t’es beau/belle comme un p’tit coeur! (you are beautiful like a little heart) 5 - Donne-moi un bec Un bec (say the final c) in quà ©bà ©cois means a kiss (French people would say donne-moi un baiser, or un bisou. Un bec in France means a beak, like a birds beak) Another Anglicism used in quà ©bà ©cois : un French kiss. This is an expression which is not used in France at all! Quà ©bà ©cois have even built up a verb : â€Å"frencher quelqu’un†.   In France, wed say rouler un patin quelquun - its quite slang though. Now, lets practice your French kissing vocabulary in this realistic and fun learn French in context story - you will also learn how to avoid a HUGE faux-pas! For more articles about French in Quà ©bec and France, daily mini lessons and tips, I invite you to follow me on Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest. If you enjoyed this article, you may also like:- Dialogue in French Canadian ≠  Franà §ais de France English translation - My favorite French Canadian Expressions - 7 Best French Canadian Idioms You may also like: French Love VocabularyDialogue About Kissing - Easy Bilingual StoryHow To Say I love You in FrenchFrench Valentines Day Traditions and Vocabulary - Easy Bilingual Story

Ideal sales job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ideal sales job - Essay Example This means that the marketing manager has to keep ahead of the different tasks of advertising, public relations, publicity, sales promotions and so on. The Sales Manager has a different role whereas I have to make sure that the product is made available to the customers or the potential consumers at the right time at the right place and in the right amount. The aperture concept is applied here nonetheless. Sales Manager also makes sure that the sales forecasts and figures are met earnestly and there are no shortcomings whatsoever. I believe as the Sales Manager, my sales department will be playing a huge role in the marketing aspects of our organization as well. It would carry out its processes and tasks in a manner that the marketing aspects seem to be coordinated in a well planned way. Our sales department will make sure that the figures; statistics and data are forecasted and eventually met on a proactive basis. Our sales department would ensure that the marketing data and statist ics are met in an organized way. The success is also ensured when the supply chain activities are carried out in a meshed manner along with the procurement, marketing and production departments of the organization. Sales department has a lot of bearing on the stakeholders of the organization since they want results and that too in a positive sense. I would personally plan certain sales initiatives which will come about in the coming quarters and would eventually facilitate the organization in attaining its sales goals every now and then. My motivation would be derived from my innate desire to reach the top within the sales management ranks. I believe that motivation must stem from one’s own domains and it would only be natural to think of it as such. Motivation is an element that receives a great deal of significance and especially if the Sales Manager carries out his tasks and activities in a positive way. Thus motivation would help make me develop well within the reins of t he sales management realms as it will tell me the exact ways and means through which I can interact with my subordinates and the sales staff spread across different areas and regions. I would be giving them pep-talk as and when needed because this would be much required at the end of the day. Motivation remains very quintessential within the sales tasks and thus it is important that I respect my motivation realms more and more. If I am motivated, the people (sales staff) under me would also be motivated in an automated fashion. As far as the organizational culture discussions are concerned, I would make sure that as the Sales Manager I am inclined to pursue the role within the sales realms so that the environment within the organization is bolstered all the same. When we would coordinate with vendors and third party channel members, we will use advertising and sales promotions as the most effective media tools since we would know that these can have long lasting effects on the consu mers and the potential ones who will try out our product in the coming times courtesy the retail outlets and shopping malls. Furthermore, we will use word of mouth as a form of internal communications to spread our message across to the right publics in the most efficient capacity possible. We would also make use of personal selling, trade promotions, publicity and in store branding to make sure that our sales activities are in line with the marketing and production

The role of public relations in the shaping of news Essay

The role of public relations in the shaping of news - Essay Example Since the past century, when journalism became an established and highly respected practice, journalists have helped to shape news and public opinion. While journalism involves creative writing and plagiarism is abhorred, a few journalists and media houses have taken up an unhealthy practice called Churnalism. This is a form of journalism in which press releases given out by the Public Relations agencies and news agencies are copy/ pasted to create content for print and online media, without verifying the news or investigating the issues. This has given rise to the internet bound writer whose main source for news and creative ideas is the Internet. Field and investigating journalism that once made erring national leaders and business barons wait with dread for the morning paper is now nonexistent. Taking its place is the ubiquitous PR release that forms the main news source. Overall, crime stories see the highest Churnalism with PR release sent by police departments. PR releases by b usinesses and NGOs find some more publishers among journalists. (Davies, 2009). The dangers of this churnalism are manifold. There is a strong indication that the PR agency, that releases the news releases are tendentious and in favour of the entity, that pays the agency. For such agencies, truth and facts are secondary and they tend to pile calumnies, distort news, and twist facts until the resulting story meets their prescribed line of thought. Such reports create more trouble when ill-advised journalists, media and newspapers pick up.

The benefits of employees embracing and understanding the employers Research Paper

The benefits of employees embracing and understanding the employers CORE values - Research Paper Example When employees understand the company core values, they prove aligned with the company’s objectives. Values are long-term drive for mission and goal achievement. When these values are well formulated, stated, and understood, they make a business prosper. Concisely, values have played inevitable roles in a company such as, guiding business processes, articulation what the company stands for, governing and controlling employees relationships and guiding the organization on how to reward employees and the society as a whole (Rossenfield, 2009). They also offer guidelines on how to teach and train employees and decision-making. Values are thus key aspects for every organization focused towards organizational goals and objects as they contribute significantly to these. Benefits of core value It is arguable that, a company with well-set and understood cores value performs excellently. This is for the reason that, the working atmosphere is restricted by those principles; processes ar e conceded out within the standards. This makes sure that employees remain focused on the mission of the company. As a result, assets are well utilized, and high profits are acknowledged. When employees understand and work within the company value, they feel that their working environment is favorable. As such, the employee will show their increased interest to work for the organization for a long time (Blanchard, 2009). In return, there is talent retention and prospective employees with new talents and technology would be very willing to join such an organization. When a company has high employees’ retention, it cuts down on costs associated with recruiting and retraining new employees. Furthermore, core values persuade best people into a company by attracting, advancing, and maintaining the excellent personnel. Values test employees and consequently subject them to a constructive approach towards tribulations and decision-making processes. When employees identify with and h old on to the core values, customers are happy and willing to be linked with the company. As a result, customers have a propensity to purchase more, purchase time after time, and even share the experience amongst friends who come to purchase to have a feel of the company. This tightens the connection between the customer and the business hence a long-term bond between the company and the customers. This guarantees client value formation by remaining receptive and focused to customer needs and value delivery (Rossenfield, 2009). Core values ensure that there is one global network and a standard product. For example, if a company has several branches or outlets, these core values are applicable to all its outlets, therefore, maintaining a standard product quality and services (Blanchard, 2009). This creates a condition whereby customers experience exceptional service. In addition, core values govern employees’ personal relationships as they lay the platform on how interactions are to be done. The explanation of this is that the set code of conduct in the company helps create a healthy relationship. When employees behave as expected, chances of conflicts are minimal, eventually helping each of them to present their expected results towards the company’s growth. The management have smooth running because theirs is a clear cut on how employees should respond to their supervisors therefore, it enhances obedience and respect in a company.

The Determinants Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay

The Determinants Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay Diabetes affects over 3 million adults in Australia alone-of which 90% is type 2 (Baricevic, 2007) non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM-for the sake of this essay diabetes is referring to type 2 NIDDM). There are numerous biological and socioeconomic determinants of the disease which has developed into Australias fastest growing chronic disease. Whilst it is often considered a lifestyle disease (Scobie Samaras, 2009) this is a common misunderstanding with many other contributing factors such as genetics, the environment and economic circumstances. Whilst much research has gone into the management/treatment of diabetes, work on addressing the upstream determinants has begun. Physiotherapists play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of the condition with them often prescribing exercise programs for diabetic patients. Diabetes results from a total or partial insulin deficiency, resulting in hypoglycaemia. This deficiency prevents glucose movement between the blood and cells, creating a build-up of glucose in the bloodstream. As a result of the hypoglycaemia, several key symptoms are present including blurred vision; increased healing times; unexplained weight gain; increased passing of urine; thirstiness; tiredness and dizziness. In 2010 diabetes accounted for 6.6% of Australias total burdens of disease and has been identified as one of the eight national health priorities (AIHW, 2010). Section 1 Hamdy, Goodyear, Horton (2004) contend that there are three key contributing factors to the onset of diabetes. These include genetic predisposition, decreased insulin action and a defect in the pancreatic ÃŽÂ ² cell. However the most well-known biological and behavioural determinants of the condition relate to obesity with the relative risk being 1.8 for an overweight person and a staggering 3.2 for obese people (Marks, Coyne, Pang, 2001). Weight related determinants include obesity (morbid and moderate), sedentary lifestyle, poor diet and low levels of physical activity (Ramlo-Halsted Edelman, 1999). Hamdy, Goodyear Horton (2004) suggest the primary reason for such societal changes leading to the dramatic rises in the rates of both obesity and more so diabetes is urbanisation. They suggest that the recent world-wide urbanisation and increase in technology has created a society where traditional incidental forms of exercise have been alleviated in favour of technology and the advances that it has facilitated. Ethnic groups have particularly been affected by these changes with their traditional forms of life transformed as they too are impacted by globalisation. An example of such a group in Australia is the Indigenous Australians. As with nearly all areas of health, they are severely over represented in the percent suffering from diabetes. __________ Other factors contributing to the onset of the disease include older age, Section 2 Despite these factors being well documented as some of the primary causes of diabetes, Scobie Samaras (2009) argue that these factors accelerate the onset rather than being the primary cause. -biological/behavioural determinants of health Age Genetic background-parental history -groups at particular risk: Elderly People with a family history Certain ethnic groups (eg Aboriginal Australians) Low SES Section 2 (link back in with individual determinants) -Factors such as poverty, poor education, social exclusion, unemployment and lack of or poor quality housing all contribute to health inequalities. -socioeconomic determinants of health PolicyÆ’Â  PA levels in schools, NPAG, education CommunityÆ’Â  access to parks/paths EnvironmentalÆ’Â  safety, access to fresh food SocietalÆ’Â   urbanisation and increase in technology = down incidental exercise EconomicÆ’Â  employment/occupation, income, wealth Section 3 Traditionally treatment of diabetes has focused on the downstream factors, with the focus being at an individual level. Exercise and weight loss are key aspects of the treatment, given that ________. Exercise alone leads to a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity (Misra, et al., 2008). In line with the National Physical Activity Guidelines (Department of Health and Ageing, 2010), it is recommended that individuals participate in at least 30 min of walking 5 days per week. The guidelines highlight four key points for all adults regarding physical activity, with these being particularly important for people with diabetes. They are: Think of movement as an opportunity, not an inconvenience Be active every day in as many ways as you can Put together at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days If you can, also enjoy some regular, vigorous activity for extra health and fitness (Department of Health and Ageing, 2010) In conjunction with exercise, a healthy diet is essential for the effective treatment of diabetes (DA Victoria, 2002). This has been proven to have the single greatest natural impact on blood glucose levels; as well as aiding weight loss and decreasing insulin resistance. Foods should not be limited to low GI, with a diet focussed on high protein (such as fish and low fat dairy); high carbohydrates (such as pasta, bread and fruit) and low saturated fat/sugar (Baricevic, 2007). The AIHW (2010) suggests that the most appropriate method of treatment is initially through diet and exercise, progressing only later to medication. Diabetes medication primarily acts to help regulate the blood glucose levels. Given that with this condition insulin is unable to effectively function, it becomes important to have a way to regulate blood sugar. The normal range is 3.5-6 mmol/L prior to meals and 3.5-8mmol/L directly afterwards (DA Victoria, 2002). Glucose management is very important to keep the risk of cardiovascular disease down, and without regulation the person may suffer from hypo/hyperglycemia. That said, Ramlo-Halsted Edelman (1999) point out that the optimal regimen particularly for medication will change for each individual as the condition progresses. There are two different options for medication-tablets or insulin injections. The tablets are taken orally and decrease the release of stored glucose in the liver, keeping blood sugar levels down. In contrast, i nsulin injections come in the form of a needle (syringe) or a pen and are used when the pancreas is unable to produce the required amounts of insulin (Baricevic, 2007). Diabetes, as with many health conditions, requires a multi-disciplinary team for successful treatment and management. Diabetes Management in General Practise (2009) describes the roles of at least eight different team members in the treatment of diabetes. These include: General practitioner Exercise specialist (commonly a physiotherapist) Podiatrist Optometrist Oral health professional Diabetes educator (nurses etc) Dietician Endocrinologist/diabetologist Whilst not all of these health professionals will necessarily be involved in every individuals treatment, the teams cooperation is vital for long-term treatment. To help with individual treatment of diabetes, the Australian Government has established the National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS). The program has in excess of 900 000 registered people with diabetes and is continuing to grow. There are several key elements of the scheme with subsidised products and information as well as education. Through this program, there are 2200 outlets which supply discounted products for treatment to the registrants. Whilst treatment is very common, alongside it is an extensive management plan. DA Victoria (2002) describes several aspects to proper management. Aside from being physically active and eating well as previously mentioned, it is preferable for a diabetic to link up with a local support team for help, support and to maintain a positive attitude. Additionally testing blood glucose regularly and medicating appropriately as prescribed is also important. Diabetes Management in General Practise (2009) also emphasises the need to quit smoking (if applicable), have less than two standard drinks per day and ensure BMI (body mass index) in less than 25 to achieve general wellbeing. Hawley Zierath (2008) also outline the importance of minimising the risks and effects of complications. They state that this can be achieved through controlling glycaemia, blood pressure and lipid levels; in conjunction with regular health checks (focussing on eye, kidney and foot problems). Section 4 Prevention of diabetes is an absolute priority especially when over 60% of type 2 cases are preventable. With diabetes being the 7th leading cause of death in Australia (AIHW, 2010), there is no question why the Australian Government has made the condition a national health priority. According to Weeson (2000), upstream treatment by primary health professionals should be the focus of all approaches. These upstream factors include______________. Simple steps can easily help prevent or delay the onset of diabetes (Type 2 Diabetes, 2011) through implementing a healthy lifestyle. Diabetes Australia encourages individuals to maintain a healthy weight, participate in regular physical activity, eat healthy food, manage blood pressure/cholesterol and not smoke, to decrease the onset of the condition (Type 2 Diabetes, 2011). There is a very strong link between physical activity and diabetes as previously mentioned, however it should benoted that participation in a moderate or preferably brisk walking regimen can decrease the incidence of diabetes by 30% (Jeon, Lokken, van Dam, 2007). Furthermore Jeon, Lokken van Dam (2007) describe this strong relationship saying that there is also a link between the amount of physical activity and the reduction of risk-an amazing 58% decrease in the incidence of prediabetes can be achieved through exercise previously stated. Zimmet (2000) emphasises that diabetes cannot be stooped by traditional medical approaches. Given the scale and enormity of the issue, he contends that drastic socioeconomic and cultural status changes are required to make progress. Zimmet (2000) says that international diabetes and public health organisation need to lobby and mobilise politicians and non-government agencies. Through this, the issues causing the pandemic (socioeconomic, behavioural, nutritional and public health) can be addressed. A multi-disciplinary task force is suggested to aid in the reversal of the socioeconomic issues, as Zimmet feels that individuals alone acting to change will not make a big enough difference (Zimmet, 2000). The National Evidence Based Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes (Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, ODea, 2009) describe four key areas to creating effective preventative action for diabetes. These include: Having a strong theoretic base for the program Designing the program with clear messages, incorporating a multifaceted approach to deliver these messages Encouraging family involvement Intensive and sustained campaign over a long duration The guidelines also discuss the facets within the broader community that should be targeted for prevention of the condition. One of the central elements to effectively targeting the population is education (Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, ODea, 2009). Through media, the guidelines propose that the education can change attitudes as well as levels of knowledge. This can have a particularly profound impact on the short term increase in physical activity. This was seen in the Life be in it___________ In terms of prevention for individuals, the guidelines also provided several points specifically targeting those in the risk groups. The guidelines (Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, ODea, 2009) specify individuals at particular risk as having a score greater than or equal to 15 on the AUSDRISK risk assessment tool. There are three levels of action to prevent the onset of diabetes. Initially lifestyle modifications such as weight management, progressing to pharmacological interventions where necessary and in cases with severe risk bariatric surgery may be considered. Furthering the treatment dietary considerations previously mentioned, in order to prevent diabetes sugar-sweetened drinks have been identified with fast food as items that pose the largest threat of inducing diabetes (Hu, van Dam, Liu , 2001). Fish oil and polyunsaturated fats have also been proven to help with the prevention of the condition. Other -conversion from high risk to low risk lifestyle = moderate style Physiotherapists play a large role particularly in the treatment, but also the prevention of diabetes. Ozdirenc, Kocak Gutekin (2004) highlighted the importance of physiotherapy in the accurate prescription of exercise. They suggested that any exercise prescribed in the interest of decreasing complication with diabetes or preventing it should be undertaken at 65-75% of a persons VOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ max and emphasised the necessity of a professional in such prescription. According to their study, physical exercise can lead to a significant decrease in physical impairment and provide improvements to functional limitations that the person had suffered. In contrast, they determined that low levels of activity caused a decreased cardio respiratory capacity and hence lessened ability to walk longer distances. These effects of inactivity too have the potential to be improved through the implementation of a physical activity regime (Ozdirenc, Kocak, Gutekin, 2004). Physiotherapists also p lay an important role in the prevention of diabetes through education and public health promotion. At an individual level such professionals can help their clients who are identified as being at risk (of diabetes) to make behavioural modifications to lessen their personal risks. In addition to this, physiotherapists can help their patients with diabetes develop an exercise program to aid in weight loss and improving their future prognosis. At a broader level physiotherapists can be involved in policy development and other awareness campaigns. For example the National Physical Activity Guidelines require experts and other professionals inputs to develop programs with the key elements previously mentioned such as strong theoretical bases. Conclusion -prevention must be a key focus given that -a condition that is highly amenable to primary intervention